从 eBPF 内核感知到 P4 硬件加速,构建 AI 时代的主动防御基座
在超大规模云原生环境下,传统的“护城河”式防御已经崩溃。现代数据中心面临三大瓶颈:
Cisco Hypershield 的出现是为了将安全功能直接织入网络结构中,实现真正的“全分布式、硬件加速、自愈式”安全。
In hyper-scale cloud-native environments, traditional "moat" defense has collapsed. Modern data centers face three major bottlenecks:
消除安全与性能的博弈。让安全像空气一样无处不在,却不消耗业务算力。
Eliminate the trade-off between security and performance. Ubiquitous security without CPU tax.
通过 DPU (AMD Pensando) 卸载安全算力,结合 eBPF 实现实时内核级深度观测。
Offload security to DPU (AMD Pensando) and use eBPF for real-time kernel observability.
一种分布式的“安全织物”,能够自动防御、自动更新、自动测试的安全繭。
A distributed security fabric that acts as a self-defending, self-updating cocoon.
| 关键技术 | Key Technology | 技术原理 (Mechanism) | Mechanism | 架构价值 (Value) | Architectural Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPU / SmartNIC | 专为数据中心设计的处理器,集成 ARM 核心与硬件流水线。 | Processors for DC with ARM cores and hardware pipelines. | 物理隔离: 安全逻辑运行在独立于主机的 DPU 内存中,即便 OS 沦陷,安全依然稳固。 | Physical isolation: Security logic runs in separate memory. OS compromise doesn't affect security. | |
| P4 Runtime | 基于“匹配-动作”流水线的编程语言,直接操作硬件。 | Match-Action pipeline language for hardware control. | 毫秒级动态执行: 将安全规则转化为 ASIC 逻辑。无需查找表,直接在线速下丢弃非法包。 | Line-rate enforcement. Converts rules into ASIC logic for zero-latency drops. | |
| eBPF (Tetragon) | Linux 内核沙箱,通过 Hook 系统调用捕获行为元数据。 | Kernel sandbox capturing metadata via syscall hooks. | 上下文感知: 不仅看 IP/端口,还能识别“哪个用户执行了哪个进程,打开了哪个文件”。 | Context awareness: Identifies users, processes, and file activities, not just IP/Ports. |
利用 AI 分析流量行为,自动创建和优化微分段规则,消除传统防火墙复杂的维护工作。
Uses AI to analyze traffic patterns, automatically creating and refining micro-segmentation rules.
在漏洞补丁发布前,自动在 DPU 层面拦截针对漏洞的攻击尝试,实现“补偿性控制”。
Automatically blocks exploit attempts at the DPU level before vendor patches are deployed.
通过双胞胎测试 (Shadow Testing) 持续验证策略变更,确保安全加固不会意外中断业务。
Continuously validates policy changes via Shadow Testing to prevent business downtime.
专家洞察: P4 与 eBPF 的结合实现了“上下联动”。eBPF 负责在主机端提供“为什么阻断”的上下文,而 P4 在网络交换端提供“如何阻断”的极致性能。这是一种**感官与肌肉**的完美协同。
Expert Insight: The synergy between P4 and eBPF connects context with performance. eBPF provides the "why" (observability), while P4 provides the "how" (high-speed enforcement).
N9300 不仅仅是一个交换机,它是一个集成了 AMD Pensando DPU 的智能控制节点。它在传统交换架构基础上增加了“第三条路径”:
N9300 is more than a switch; it's an intelligent control node integrating AMD Pensando DPUs. It adds a "third path" to traditional switch architectures:
流量在经过交换芯片的同时,被镜像到内置 DPU。在 DPU 中进行状态防火墙 (Stateful FW)、负载均衡和深度加密检测,且不影响主转发路径的延迟。
Traffic is mirrored to the built-in DPU for stateful FW, LB, and encryption inspection, without impacting primary forwarding latency.
传统的 ACL 受到 TCAM 硬件容量限制。N9300 利用 DPU 的大容量存储和 P4 灵活性,可以支持数百万条细粒度的动态安全规则。
Unlike traditional ACLs limited by TCAM, N9300 uses DPU memory and P4 flexibility to support millions of fine-grained dynamic rules.
内置硬件加速器处理 IPsec/TLS,实现网络透明的全流量加密。这是实现“零信任”物理层的关键。
Built-in accelerators handle IPsec/TLS for transparent encryption, key to achieving Zero Trust at the physical layer.
Patrick Henry Winston 曾说:类比是通向理解的桥梁。 我们可以把 Cisco Hypershield 看作一个高度进化的生物防御系统:
As Patrick Henry Winston noted: Analogy is the bridge to understanding. We can view Cisco Hypershield as a highly evolved biological defense system:
穿梭在 Linux 内核的每一个血管中,实时检测“细胞”(进程)的 DNA 是否发生变异或行为异常。
Cruising through every vein of the Linux kernel, detecting if "cell" (process) behavior is abnormal.
接收感官信号,并在毫秒内推演这是否是一次攻击。它负责在全球数千个节点间同步防御姿态。
Receives signals and reasons within milliseconds. Synchronizes defense postures across thousands of nodes.
物理屏障。它在病毒(恶意包)接触到核心业务之前,直接在网络接口层级将其灭活。
Physical barrier. Neutralizes viruses (malicious packets) at the interface level before they touch the core logic.
Hypershield 引入了革命性的“双胞胎测试 (Shadow Testing)”机制,解决了安全运维中“怕改错规则导致业务中断”的痛点:
Hypershield introduces a revolutionary Shadow Testing mechanism, solving the fear of breaking business with new security rules:
Hypershield 不止于 N9300。它是分布在 **网络节点 (Switch)**、**计算节点 (Server DPU)** 和 **云端 (K8s Sidecar)** 的统一安全层:
Hypershield is not just N9300. it's a unified security layer across **Switches**, **Server DPUs**, and **Cloud (K8s Sidecars)**:
| 部署点 | Deployment Point | 角色与职责 | Role & Responsibility |
|---|---|---|---|
| N9300 Smart Switch | 物理入口屏障: 拦截未授权的东西向流量,保护不具备安装 DPU 条件的遗留服务器。 | Physical Entry Barrier: Micro-segments E-W traffic for legacy servers without DPUs. | |
| Server DPU (AMD Pensando) | 深度工作负载保护: 在应用入口处进行零信任强制执行,完全卸载 CPU 安全负担。 | Deep Workload Protection: Zero-trust enforcement at the application's doorstep, offloading CPU. | |
| Fabric Manager (Cloud Native) | 指挥中心: AI 驱动的统一策略管理,跨私有云、公有云实现安全逻辑一致。 | Control Center: AI-driven policy management ensuring consistent security across Hybrid Cloud. |
场景引入: 架构的精妙最终要接受烈火的检验。当 0-Day 漏洞突袭,这套“织物”如何反应?
Context: Architectural elegance is proven under fire. How does the "fabric" react when a 0-day exploit strikes?
AI 集群依赖 RDMA (RoCEv2) 实现 GPU 间的零拷贝通信。传统的 CPU 软件过滤会带来难以承受的尾延迟 (Tail Latency)。
AI clusters rely on RDMA (RoCEv2) for zero-copy GPU communication. Traditional CPU filtering adds prohibitive tail latency.
N9300 利用 AMD Pensando Elba 架构,在硬件层直接解析 RDMA 头部,实现微秒级延迟下的安全检测。
N9300 uses AMD Pensando Elba to parse RDMA headers in hardware, enabling microsecond-level security.
自主分段 (Autonomous Segmentation) 自动识别 GPU 训练作业的流量模式,动态闭合未使用的端口。
Autonomous Segmentation identifies GPU training patterns and dynamically closes unused ports.
支持 400G 线速的 MACsec/IPsec,保护 AI 训练数据的跨机架传输安全,不消耗服务器 GPU 算力。
MACsec/IPsec at 400G protects cross-rack AI data without consuming GPU/CPU cycles.
| 维度 (Dimension) | 传统边界防御 (Legacy) | Legacy Perimeter Defense | Cisco Hypershield (AI-Native) | Cisco Hypershield (AI-Native) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 部署粒度 Granularity |
粗粒度
基于 IP/VLAN 的中心化网关 IP/VLAN-based centralized gateways |
超细粒度
基于进程、用户、容器标识的分布式织物 Process/User/Container identity-based fabric |
||
| 性能开销 Performance |
高损耗 (CPU Tax)
占用主机 30% CPU 或增加 50ms+ 延迟 30% Host CPU tax or 50ms+ latency |
零开销 (Offloaded)
硬件线速转发,主机 CPU 零消耗 Hardware line-rate, Zero CPU tax |
||
| 策略变更 Policy Change |
手动/风险高
维护数万条 ACL,变更需窗口期,怕断网 Manual ACLs, maintenance windows required |
自主/自验证
AI 自动生成并通过双胞胎测试验证策略 AI-generated & self-validated via Shadow Test |
||
| 漏洞防御 Vulnerability |
被动补丁
等待厂商补丁平均需 21 天,窗口期风险巨大 Average 21 days for patching, high exposure risk |
主动热修复
数小时内完成分布式硬件补偿控制 (DEP) Distributed Exploit Protection (DEP) within hours |
决策洞察: 从 TCO 角度看,Hypershield 释放的 30% 服务器算力通常可以在大型数据中心中抵消硬件升级本身的成本,同时将安全响应从“天”降低到“分钟”。
Executive Insight: From a TCO perspective, reclaiming 30% of server CPU power often offsets hardware costs in large DCs, while slashing MTTR from days to minutes.
以下模拟展示了 Tetragon 如何在内核层级发现 Apache 进程尝试反弹 Shell 的瞬间:
Simulation of Tetragon detecting a reverse shell attempt from an Apache process at the kernel level:
Cisco Hypershield 代表了安全从“边界设备”到“原生织物”的根本转变:
结论: 面对 AI 驱动的新型威胁,我们的防御必须同样具备 AI 的进化速度。Cisco Hypershield 并非只是一个新的防火墙,它是数据中心的外骨骼 (Exoskeleton)。
Cisco Hypershield represents a radical shift from "perimeter appliances" to "native fabric":